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This is predominantly due to a variety of methodological problems, characteristic of most studies done since the 1960s, such as the use of convenience samples, small sample sizes, lack of adequate comparison groups, failure to control for potentially confounding factors, application of nonstandardized research instruments, and questionable external validity. 8, 13Īlthough many studies have assessed the mental health status of homosexual men and women, the results are still inconclusive. 11, 12 Furthermore, negative health consequences such as body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders also came to be seen as related to the specific lifestyle and subculture of openly gay and lesbian people. 1, 9, 10 Levels of substance abuse were also expected to be higher in gay men and lesbians as compared with heterosexual people. 8 Some authors expected an upsurge in suicidal behaviors, especially in adolescence and young adulthood, as a consequence of the stresses experienced during the coming-out process. 6, 7 Others suggested that the mental health status of homosexual people might be impaired owing to various stresses, either temporary or in specific subgroups.
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In response to the former psychiatric stigmatization of homosexuality and ideologically inspired by a social movement aiming to achieve greater acceptance of homosexual people, some authors subsequently stressed the equality in mental health status of homosexual and heterosexual people. This removal came about because of support from research findings 1 - 4 and as a result of a persistent plea by both professionals and activists. In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. More homosexual than heterosexual persons had 2 or more disorders during their lifetimes (homosexual men: OR = 2.70 95% CI = 1.66-4.41 homosexual women: OR = 2.09 95% CI = 1.07-4.09).Ĭonclusion The findings support the assumption that people with same-sex sexual behavior are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders.įOR A LARGE part of the past century, homosexuality itself was seen as a mental disorder. The proportion of persons with 1 or more diagnoses differed only between homosexual and heterosexual women (lifetime OR = 2.61 95% CI = 1.31-5.19). Lifetime prevalence rates reflect identical differences, except for mood disorders, which were more frequently observed in homosexual than in heterosexual women (OR = 2.41 95% CI = 1.26-4.63). Homosexual women had a higher 12-month prevalence of substance use disorders (OR = 4.05 95% CI = 1.56-10.47) than heterosexual women. Homosexual men had a higher 12-month prevalence of mood disorders (odds ratio = 2.93 95% confidence interval = 1.54-5.57) and anxiety disorders (OR = 2.61 95% CI = 1.44-4.74) than heterosexual men.
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Results Psychiatric disorders were more prevalent among homosexually active people compared with heterosexually active people. Differences in prevalence rates were tested by logistic regression analyses, controlling for demographics. Five thousand nine hundred ninety-eight (84.8%) of the total sample could be classified: 2.8% of 2878 men and 1.4% of 3120 women had had same-sex partners. Classification as heterosexual or homosexual was based on reported sexual behavior in the preceding year. Methods Data were collected in face-to-face interviews, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. This study examined differences between heterosexually and homosexually active subjects in 12-month and lifetime prevalence of DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in a representative sample of the Dutch population (N = 7076 aged 18-64 years).
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